中性原子量子计算
（Neutral Atom Quantum ComputersAtoms）
科研骨干：许鹏、何晓东、李潇、付卓、汤彪
（Key Researchers：Xu Peng, He Xiao-Dong, Li Xiao, Fu Zhuo, Tang Biao）
As natural qubits free from manufacturing defects, neutral atoms boast excellent connectivity and scalability, making them an ideal system for controlled quantum simulation of many-body physics and quantum computing. We have developed a unique neutral-atom quantum computing and quantum simulation platform, structured with magic-intensity optical dipole traps confining heteronuclear (Rb-85, Rb-87) atomic arrays.
We have successfully developed the country's first cabinet-style atomic quantum computer, "Hanyuan No. 1," which uses single atoms as qubits. It boasts over 100 usable qubits, with a single-qubit gate fidelity greater than 0.999. The system is capable of multi-qubit entanglement and enables connections between any qubits, making it suitable for globally controlled quantum simulations and circuit-based quantum computing.
The first commercial atomic quantum computer delivered to a subsidiary of China Mobile
（A Fiber Array Architecture For Atom Quantum Computing)
Using a fiber array, we experimentally demonstrate the trapping and independent control of ten single atoms in two-dimensional optical tweezers, achieving individually addressed single-qubit gates with an average fidelity of 0.9966(3). More significantly, we perform simultaneous arbitrary single-qubit gates on four randomly selected qubits, resulting in an average fidelity of 0.9961(4)(Nat. Commun. 16: 9728, 2025).
Experimental scheme. a Basic experimental setup for the trapping, rearrangement, manipulation, and detection of single-atomarrays. b The cross-section of the fiber array. c Single-shot fluorescence image of an atomarraywith 50ms exposure time. d A schematic showing optical setup in the optical module. e Histogram of collected photons for one of the fiber traps during the initial loading process.